#DRIVING HAZARD PERCEPTION TEST 2014 DRIVERS#
15 However, these studies have been undertaken in general driving populations and not specifically in drivers with visual impairment related to eye disease, and the HPT response times of drivers with visual impairment have been reported in only a few studies. 14 One study also showed that delayed HPT times were associated with increased self-reported crash involvement in a retrospective study of older drivers. Studies of younger drivers have reported that delayed hazard perception test (HPT) response times are associated with crash involvement in both retrospective 11, 12 and prospective studies, 13 as well as with increased frequency of heavy braking events during real-world driving. HPT tests can provide insight into difficulties regarding road hazard detection of older drivers with eye disease and provide a potential avenue for interventions to improve road safety. Decreased motion sensitivity was most strongly associated with delayed HPT responses.
HPT responses of older drivers with eye disease were delayed compared to controls and translate to an estimated 16-meter longer stopping distance when traveling at 80 km/hr. Motion sensitivity remained significantly associated with HPT responses, adjusted for visual acuity and visual fields. Poorer motion sensitivity (standardized β = 0.27 P < 0.001), visual acuity (β = 0.21 P = 0.002), and better-eye mean defect (β = –0.17 P = 0.009) were most strongly associated with delayed HPT responses. Participants with glaucoma exhibited significantly delayed responses compared to those with AMD ( P = 0.038) and controls ( P = 0.004). Participants with eye disease exhibited a 0.73-second delay in HPT response times compared to controls (6.61 ± 1.62 seconds vs. Participants completed a computer-based hazard perception test (HPT) that has been related to driving performance and crash risk. Visual performance was assessed using clinical measures (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual fields) and non-clinical measures (useful field of view, motion sensitivity). Participants included drivers aged 65 years and older with a range of eye diseases, including cataract, age-related maculopathy (AMD), and glaucoma ( n = 99 mean age, 75.4 ± 6.4 years) and controls ( n = 118 mean age, 72.2 ± 5.5 years). Timely detection of hazards is a key driving skill however, the hazard perception of drivers with eye disease and related visual changes and the visual predictors of hazard perception are poorly understood.
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